Niklas Luhmann, a prominent German sociologist, developed a comprehensive theory of social systems, which includes a nuanced view of trust, particularly system trust. According to Luhmann, trust is a mechanism that reduces the complexity of social interactions, enabling individuals to cope with the uncertainties and risks inherent in these interactions.

System trust, in Luhmann's framework, refers to the trust placed in abstract systems and institutions rather than in individuals. This type of trust is crucial in modern societies, where face-to-face interactions are often impractical or impossible. System trust allows people to navigate complex social structures and rely on the functionality and reliability of various societal systems, such as legal, economic, and political institutions.

Key aspects of system trust according to Luhmann include:

1. Reduction of Complexity: System trust helps individuals manage the overwhelming complexity of modern society by relying on institutional frameworks and standardized procedures.

2. Reliance on Institutional Roles: Instead of placing trust in specific individuals, people place their trust in the roles and functions that institutions fulfill. For example, trust in the banking system is based on the institutional role of banks rather than on individual bankers.

3. Expectation of Consistency: System trust is built on the expectation that systems and institutions will behave in predictable and consistent ways, adhering to established rules and norms.

4. Anonymity and Abstraction: Unlike personal trust, which requires direct interpersonal relationships, system trust operates in a context of anonymity and abstraction, where personal interactions are minimal or absent.

5. Stabilization of Expectations: System trust stabilizes societal expectations by providing a reliable framework within which individuals can plan and act, reducing the unpredictability of social life.

In summary, Luhmann's concept of system trust highlights the importance of trusting the functionality and reliability of societal systems and institutions, which enables individuals to manage the complexities of modern social life.